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1.5 Cut the clutter, more tricks(����)

A few other small tricks :

1)Eliminate(���) negatives

Whenever you encounter a not in your writing, see if you can turn it into a positive.
Example:

She did not want to perform the experiment incorrectly.

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She wanted to perform the experiment correctly.

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2��Eliminate there are/there is

Example1:

There are many ways in which we can arrange the pulleys.

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We can arrange the pulleys in many ways.

Example2:

There was a long line of bacteria on the plate.

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Bacteria lined the plate.

Example3:

The data confirm that there is an association between vegetables and cancer.

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The data confirm an association between vegetables and cancer.

3)Omit(ɾ��) needless prepositions

��that�� and ��on�� are often superfluous(��ʣ��)
Example1:

The meeting happened on Monday.

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The meeting happened Monday.

Example2:

They agreed that it was true.

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They agreed it was true.



1.6 Practice cutting clutter

Example1:

Anti-inflammatory drugs may be protective for the occurrence of Alzheimer��s Disease.

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Anti-inflammatory drugs may protect against Alzheimer��s Disease.

Example2:

Clinical seizures(�ٴ����) have been estimated to occur in 0.5% to 2.3% of the neonatal�������� population.

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Clinical seizures(�ٴ����) occur in 0.5% to 2.3% of newborns.

Example3:

Ultimately p53 guards not only against malignant transformation but also plays a role in developmental processes as diverse as aging, differentiation, and fertility.

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Besides preventing cancer, p53 also plays roles in aging, differentiation, and fertility.

Example4:

Injuries to the brain and spinal cord have long been known to be among the most devastating and expensive of all injuries to treat medically.

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Injuries to the brain and spinal cord are among the most devastating and expensive.

Example5:

An IQ test measures an individual��s abilities to perform functions that usually fall in the domains of verbal communication, reasoning, and performance on tasks that represent motor and spatial capabilities.

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An IQ test measures an individual��s verbal, reasoning, or motor and spatial abilities.

Example6��

As we can see from Figure 2, if the return kinetic energy is less than 3.2 Up, there will be two electron trajectories associated with this kinetic energy.

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Figure 2 shows that a return kinetic energy less than 3.2 Up yields(�ṩ) two electron trajectories.