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������ 2024-11-5 19:27 | ֻ�������� �������� |������� |�Ķ�ģʽ
1.1 Introduction
Q��what makes good writing?���������ӣ�

Good writing communicates an idea clearly and effectively.������
Tips: Takes having something to say and clear thinking

һ���õ�д�����ܹ���������Ч�Ĵ���һ���뷨�����ӣ�

Good is elegant (����)and stylish(ʱ��).���Σ�
Tips: Takes time, revision, and a good editor

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Q��What makes a good writer?

Having something to say��Ҫ����Լ�ÿ��Ҫ����ʲô��
Logical thinking����ѧ���߼�˼�����Ҫ��
A few simple, learnable rules of style (the tools you��ll learn in this class).


Steps to becoming a better writer:

Read, pay attention, and imitate.���������ע��д����ʽ�����ɲ��ҳ���ģ�£�
Write in a journal.����ѧ���ļ��ɳ���дд�򵥵ļ�¼�������ռǻ����о���־ ��
Let go of ��academic�� writing habits(deprogramming step!��ȥ��һЩ���õ�ѧ����ϰ����д�����У������������ϸ̸��
Talk about your research before trying to writing about it.�������ߵ����Ѷ̸ཻ�Լ��ijɹ����ü������ԣ�
Write to engage your readers��try not to bore them!��д�����ʱ��Ҫ�������Բ�Ҫ�ö����ᷳ����д�ģ�
Stop waiting for ��inspiration.�� (��Ҫ�������Ϊ��ڣ�
Accept that writing is hard for everyone.(��������!)
Revise. Nobody gets it perfect on the first try.(����д����壬�Ѿ������ڲ��ϵ��޸���)
Learn how to cut ruthlessly. Never become too attached to your words.��ѧ�����ɾ�������֮������ϸ̸��
Find a good editor!�����Զ������ʦ��̣���ȡ���ǵĽ��飩
Take risks.������ȥдһЩ��Ȥ�������ս�ԵĶ�������Ҫ��д������������ ��
1.2 Examples of what not to do Video


Ask Yourself:

Is this sentence easy to understand?
Is this sentence enjoyable and interesting to read?
Is this sentence readable?
Is it written to inform�����⣩ or to obscure����ɬ��?
A classic hallmark of ��academic writing��:

Spunky�����õģ� verbs become clunky����׾�ģ� nouns��

��Ϊ�����������ӣ�������ʹ���ӱ���

��һ�����ӣ����Կ����Ӵֵĺ������ʣ���Щ������ק���ӵ�����,���������Ƕ��ʡ�

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���Ӵ����ʸ�Ϊselect, activate , express , and refuse.

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Themes of this course:

Complex ideas don��t require complex language.
Scientific writing should be easy and even enjoyable to read!


1.3Overview, principles of effective writing
Tips:

Note the use of nouns instead of verbs.
Verbs move sentences along, whereas nouns slow the reader down.

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Note the use of vague��ģ���ģ� words.
The problem with vague words is that the reader cannot get a concrete picture in their head of what the author is talking about.



Note the use of unnecessary jargon(�л�)and acronyms(��д��).
The problem with acronyms is that, unless they are standard term that everybody is familiar with, most readers are not going to know your acronym.



Note the passive voice.
The passive voice is hard to read because it��s not the way we talk.



Note the distance between the subject and the main verb of this sentence.
Putting too much distance between the subject of the sentence and the main verb is a problem.



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Principles of effective writing:

Cut unnecessary words and phrases; learn to part with(����) your words!
Use the activate voice (subject+verb+object)��rather than the passive voice
Write the verbs: use strong verbs, avoid turning verbs into nouns, and don��t bury the main verb!


1.4 Cut the clutter(���²���Ҫ�IJ���)
Example 1:



Problem:

1)a nice spunky(��ͷʮ���) verb, to review, and turned it into a boring noun, a review, and then paired it with a boring verb, providers.

So we can just change this back to the verb by saying this paper reviews.

2)��The basic tenets of �� is one of those vague amorphous phrases.

3)The word examples means the same thing as studies.

4)methodologic is again one of those vague amorphous(�����) words. In this case, the illustrate can carry over to both the challenges and the solutions.

5)The adjective successful is already inherent in the word solution.

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Example 2��



Problem:

1)��As it is well known�� is an introductory(��������) phrases that you simply don��t need.

2��a profile of, is one of those vague(�) phrases that just doesn��t add anything.

3)we can just say lower blood pressure, deleting ��levels��.

4)Oftentimes, you simply don��t need the second instance of the word.

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Example 3��



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Common clutter:

1. Dead weight words and phrases    :

As it is well known
As it has been shown
It can be regarded that
It should be emphasized that
2. Empty words and phrases

basic tenets of
methodologic
important
3. Long words or phrases that could be short

e.g. muscular and cardiorespiratory performance, that��s just a fancy way to say fitness.

4.  Unnecessary jargon���л���and acronyms����д��

muscular and cardiorespiratory performance
Gliomagenesis
miR
5.  Repetitive words or phrases

studies/examples
illustrate/demonstrate
challenges/difficulties
successful/solutions
6.  Adverbs

very, really, quite, basically, generally, etc.

7.Long words and phrases that could be short:

Wordy version           Crisp version

A majority of                     most

A number of                     many

Are of the same opinion   agree

Less frequently occurring   rare

All three of the                 the three

Give rise to                        Cause

Due to the fact that           because

Have an effect on                affect
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